If you’ve ever noticed brain fog after a heavy meal, a calmer mood after a week of healthier eating, or a dip in focus when your digestion is off, you’re not imagining it. The gut and brain are in constant conversation via nerves (including the vagus nerve), immune signals, hormones, and chemical messengers made by gut microbes. Research into the gut-brain axis is moving quickly, and while it’s not a simple “eat X and your anxiety disappears” story, it does suggest that everyday food patterns can support steadier energy, mood, and clarity. The gut-brain axis: a two-way street Your gut is lined with immune tissue and nerves, and it houses trillions of microbes. These microbes help break down fibre, produce compounds like short-chain fatty acids, and influence inflammation and gut barrier function. The brain, in turn, affects the gut through stress hormones and nervous system signalling - which is why stress can change digestion, appetite, and bowel habits. What “better gut...

  Pain is never “just in your head” - but it is always, in part, processed by your brain. Pain is the brain’s protective alarm system, built to keep you safe. The problem is that sometimes the alarm can become overprotective: it keeps ringing even after tissues have healed, or it turns the volume way up in response to stress, poor sleep, inflammation, or repeated injury. Understanding how the nervous system works can be deeply reassuring, because it explains why pain can linger - and it also opens more doors for relief. Pain Is A Warning System, Not A Damage Meter The nerves in your body send information to your spinal cord and brain about pressure, temperature, inflammation, and potential threat. Your brain then decides how much protection is needed, based on context: past experiences, current stress levels, sleep quality, mood, beliefs about the pain, and what else is going on in your life. That is why two people can have similar injuries and experience very different pain....

  COPD can feel frightening - not only because of breathlessness, but because it can shrink your confidence. People often start avoiding activity “just in case”, which sadly leads to deconditioning, more breathlessness, and more anxiety. The good news is that COPD support is not only about inhalers. The most effective care is usually a combination of medication, rehabilitation, breathing techniques, lifestyle changes, and a clear flare-up plan - so you feel more in control day to day. Understanding what’s really happening in COPD COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a long-term condition where airflow is limited, often due to chronic inflammation and damage in the airways and air sacs. The result can be ongoing cough, mucus, chest tightness, and breathlessness. Symptoms may be steady for a while and then flare up during an “exacerbation” (a worsening that’s beyond normal day-to-day variation). The foundations: daily support that makes the biggest difference 1) ...

  Sepsis can start from something that looks “ordinary” - a chest infection, a urinary tract infection, a skin wound, even a stomach bug. The danger is not the infection itself, but the way the body can sometimes overreact to it. In sepsis, the immune response becomes dysregulated and can begin to damage the body’s own organs. This is why sepsis is treated as a medical emergency: it can worsen quickly, and early treatment truly can be life-saving. What is sepsis? Normally, your immune system fights infection and then settles down. With sepsis, that “fight response” becomes intense and widespread. Blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs can be affected, and the body can begin to show signs of organ strain - such as confusion, very fast breathing, or passing little to no urine. The most important takeaway is this: sepsis is time-critical, and it’s always better to be checked early than to wait and hope it passes. The red-flag signs you should treat as urgent If an ad...

  We all have unique personalities – it’s what makes each of us who we are. But sometimes, a person’s patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving can be so rigid and unhealthy that they cause significant problems in everyday life. This is where personality disorders come in. A personality disorder is essentially a long-term pattern of behaviour and inner experience that deviates markedly from cultural expectations and causes distress or difficulty functioning. People with a personality disorder aren’t “choosing” to behave in challenging ways; in fact, they often don’t realize that their thoughts and actions are problematic at all. These conditions are more common than you might think – by some estimates, around one in 11 people live with some form of a personality disorder. By understanding what personality disorders are and how they affect people, we can replace judgment with empathy and encourage those affected to seek help. Different Types of Personality Disorders ...

Traveling to exotic places can be the adventure of a lifetime. But if your travels take you to regions where malaria is present, it’s important to take some extra precautions so you return home with only happy memories – not an unwanted illness. Malaria is a serious and sometimes life-threatening disease spread by mosquito bites. It remains widespread in many tropical and subtropical areas, causing hundreds of millions of infections each year. The good news is that malaria is preventable and treatable with the right measures. By planning and following a few safety steps, you can dramatically reduce your risk of malaria and enjoy your trip with peace of mind. Before You Travel: Plan and Prevent The best time to start thinking about malaria prevention is before you even set foot on the plane. Do some research or consult reliable health resources to find out if malaria is a risk at your destination. Malaria isn’t present everywhere – it’s mostly found in p...

  The festive season is a time of joy, family gatherings, and delicious treats. It’s easy to get caught up in indulgence – after all, holiday foods often hold special meaning and memories. But enjoying the celebrations doesn’t have to mean abandoning healthy habits. With a bit of mindful planning, you can savour your favourite festive dishes and still feel good. Practice Portion Control It’s not necessary to avoid all the festive favourites; just be mindful of portions. Consider using a smaller plate so it naturally limits how much you pile on. Try to fill half your plate with colourful veggies or salad, one-quarter with lean protein, and one-quarter with the treat you’ve been eyeing. This way you’re getting nutrients and fibre to fill you up, while still allowing room for a bit of indulgence. You get to taste everything you love without overdoing it. Eat Slowly and Mindfully With all the excitement around, it’s easy to speed through meals. Instead, take your time. Chew t...

The holiday season is supposed to be a time of joy and celebration, but for many people it can also bring added stress and exhaustion. If you find yourself more frazzled than festive, you might be experiencing "holiday burnout." You're not alone – surveys have found that roughly 38% of people feel their stress increase during the holidays, and those with existing mental health concerns often find their conditions worsening at this time. Holiday burnout refers to the mental, physical, and emotional fatigue that can occur during or after a busy holiday season. The pressure to create perfect memories – from cooking elaborate dinners to finding just the right gifts – can leave anyone overwhelmed and drained. So, how do you know if you’re burning out? Holiday burnout can manifest in different ways. You might feel constantly tired and unable to sleep well. Some people notice changes in appetite or frequent indigestion. Others become irritable or emotionally numb – you might f...

  For an older adult, a stay in the hospital can come with an unexpected and frightening side effect: delirium. If you’ve ever visited an elderly parent or grandparent in the hospital and found them suddenly confused, disoriented, or not themselves, you’ve witnessed this condition. Hospital delirium is an acute state of mental confusion that happens to many seniors during an illness or after surgery. It’s often called a “hidden risk” because it’s not the illness that brought them to the hospital - it’s a complication that arises from the hospitalisation itself, and it can be easily overlooked or misattributed to something like dementia. However, delirium is usually temporary and treatable, and recognising it early can make a big difference. What Is Delirium? Delirium is an abrupt change in brain function that causes confusion and difficulty with attention and clear thinking. It develops over hours to a couple of days and fluctuates through the day. People may be disoriented, ...

  High blood pressure - often called hypertension - is a well-known health risk, but many people don’t realise that it can pose unique challenges and dangers for women. We often think of heart disease or stroke affecting men, yet high blood pressure is very common in women and can be just as deadly. It truly is a “silent killer” because it often has no noticeable symptoms, yet over time it can damage your heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. For women, there are some hidden risks and situations where high blood pressure can become especially important to recognise and manage. It’s Often Silent - So Don’t Assume You’d Know Most people with high blood pressure have no symptoms at all. That’s why regular check-ups and knowing your numbers are critical. Pharmacies, clinics, and home monitors make it easy to track your pressure between visits. Birth Control and Hormones Can Raise Blood Pressure Oral contraceptives and some hormone therapies can increase blood pressur...